Formed in 2019, Ladakh is a Union Territory of India that emerged after the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir was bifurcated into two Union Territories—Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. Known as a cold desert, Ladakh is defined by its dramatic landscape of towering mountains, deep valleys, and winding rivers. Situated at a high altitude, the region boasts some of the world’s highest motorable passes, making it a dream destination for biking enthusiasts.

Beyond road trips, Ladakh is equally famous for its breathtaking and adventurous trekking routes. It offers some of the finest treks in India, promising spectacular views, unique cultural encounters, and unforgettable experiences. Trekkers have long been drawn to Ladakh’s rugged terrain and pristine beauty, while tourists visit to explore its natural and cultural richness.

Although trekking through high mountain passes and icy rivers is thrilling, proper acclimatization is essential due to Ladakh’s altitude. It is strongly recommended to spend a few days in Leh before beginning any trek. Popular sightseeing spots in Leh include Leh Palace, Shanti Stupa, and the bustling Leh Bazaar.

# Snow Leopard Trek

The Snow Leopard Trek is especially popular among wildlife and nature lovers who visit Ladakh in hopes of spotting the elusive snow leopard in its natural habitat. Conducted in the Rumbak Valley within Hemis National Park, this trek is among the most sought-after experiences in the region. The valley is home to several high-altitude species such as blue sheep, pika, Asiatic ibex, Ladakh urial, and golden eagles.

With temperatures often dropping below 0°C and steep, rugged trails, spotting the snow leopard is a challenging task. These solitary and nomadic cats are constantly on the move, making sightings rare and requiring immense patience and luck. At altitudes exceeding 13,000 feet, trekkers need both strong trekking skills and endurance. Even without a sighting, the trek is rewarding, offering stunning views of Himalayan peaks and frozen streams. Best undertaken during February and March, this winter trek offers a truly unique Ladakh experience with the rare chance of seeing the “ghost of the mountains.”

# Sham Valley Trek

Often referred to as the “baby trek” of Ladakh, the Sham Valley Trek is a short and easy trek completed over just three days. It begins at Likir, where trekkers can visit the famous Likir Monastery before entering the valley. The route passes through the villages of Yangthang, Hemis Shukpachan, and Temisgam, eventually concluding at Leh.

This trek offers a wonderful opportunity to experience Ladakhi village life, local traditions, and culture. With minimal ascents and descents, it is ideal for beginners and can be undertaken for most of the year. Along the way, trekkers can enjoy views of freshwater streams, striking mountain ranges, village monasteries, and apricot orchards near Ang village en route to Temisgam.

# Markha Valley Trek

The Markha Valley Trek takes you through picturesque villages along the Markha River within Hemis National Park. This trek offers stunning views of Mount Kang Yatse and Stok Kangri, along with the lush green Markha village set against Ladakh’s stark cold desert.

Trekkers must cross high mountain passes such as Kongmaru La and wade through the icy waters of the Markha River. The trek usually begins at Chilling, which is the easiest approach, though routes from Stok and Spituk exist but are not recommended due to rapid altitude gain. From Chilling, the trail leads to Skiu, known for its barley fields and riverside scenery. The route continues through Markha village, the alpine meadows of Nimaling, and finally to Kongmaru La, which offers panoramic views of the Ladakh and Indus valleys. Crossing the river multiple times and walking through contrasting green valleys and barren landscapes make this trek truly unforgettable.

# Chadar Trek

One of the most unique treks in the world, the Chadar Trek involves walking on the frozen Zanskar River. The word Chadar means “sheet,” referring to the thick ice layer that forms over the river during January and February. This week-long trek takes place in extreme conditions, with temperatures plunging to as low as -30°C.

While the trail does not involve steep climbs, the trek is physically and mentally demanding and not suitable for beginners. Trekkers must carefully judge the thickness of the ice by listening to the river flowing beneath it. Along the way, you may spot snow leopard pugmarks in the surrounding cliffs. Due to the absence of homestays, overnight stays are either in camps or in caves traditionally used by locals, adding to the raw and adventurous nature of this trek.

# Southern Zanskar Trek

Known for its rugged and remote terrain, the Southern Zanskar Trek is one of the more challenging treks in Ladakh. Despite the harsh route, the trek is rich in natural beauty, flowing streams, and ancient monasteries nestled in the valley. It begins at Darcha and concludes at Keylong in Himachal Pradesh.

Acclimatization upon reaching Ladakh is mandatory before attempting this trek. One of the highlights of the journey is the Phuktal Monastery near Purni, built around a natural cave and regarded as an architectural marvel. The trek involves walking alongside the Kargyak and Tsarap rivers and camping under star-lit skies, offering an immersive and rewarding experience.

# Darcha–Padum Trek

Starting from Darcha on the Manali–Leh highway, the Darcha–Padum Trek leads trekkers deep into the Zanskar region of Ladakh. This trek is ideal for experienced trekkers seeking a physically demanding adventure. The route includes multiple ascents, descents, river crossings, and high mountain passes surrounded by snow-clad peaks.

The villages of Kargyak and Teesta are the only settlements en route with satellite connectivity, offering rare contact with the outside world. Trekkers cross the Zanskar River to reach various campsites and visit the iconic Phuktal Monastery near Purni, built inside a cave and belonging to the Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The trek concludes at Padum, from where one can travel onward to Kargil or Leh.

# Nubra Valley Trek

The Nubra Valley Trek begins in Hunder village and follows the Hunder River, with overnight camping along the way. The trail continues alongside the Thanglasgo River, leading trekkers into a stunning high-altitude valley.

This trek offers views of glacier-fed lakes and requires crossing some of the world’s highest mountain passes, providing sweeping vistas of the Karakoram, Zanskar, and Ladakh ranges. Ascending and descending the Lasermo La marks the final challenge before a rewarding descent into the village of Morobuk, offering spectacular views of the Stok Kangri range and bringing the trek to a satisfying close.