New Delhi: Unprotected sex can lead to concerns about unintended pregnancy, but there are effective measures to help reduce the risk. Acting quickly is crucial to maximize the effectiveness of available options. Dr.Yashica Gudesar, Director and Unit Head, Ob-Gyn, at Max Hospital, Dwarka, shared tips to avoid unwanted pregnancy risk after unprotected sex or after accidents in bed.

Emergency Contraceptive Pills

One of the most accessible methods is the use of emergency contraceptive pills, often referred to as “morning-after pills”. These pills work primarily by delaying or preventing ovulation, which means the release of an egg from the ovary is either postponed or stopped altogether. Without an egg, fertilization by sperm cannot occur, thereby preventing pregnancy.

Emergency contraceptive pills are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. Ideally, they should be used within 72 hours (three days), but some types remain effective up to 120 hours (five days) after the event. It is important to carefully follow the instructions provided or seek medical advice to ensure the most appropriate pill is selected. While generally considered safe, emergency contraceptive pills can cause temporary side effects such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, or changes in the menstrual cycle. These effects typically resolve without any long-term health issues.

Copper IUD

Another highly effective option is the insertion of a copper intrauterine device (IUD). A copper IUD can be placed within five days of unprotected sex by a qualified healthcare professional. It prevents pregnancy by creating an environment that is toxic to sperm, thus inhibiting fertilization. In addition to its use as emergency contraception, the copper IUD provides long-term protection against pregnancy for up to 10 years. However, because its insertion requires a medical procedure, it is important to consult a doctor without delay if this option is being considered.

Timing is Critical

When it comes to preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex, timing plays a vital role. The effectiveness of both emergency contraceptive pills and the copper IUD is significantly higher when used as soon as possible. It is important to note that emergency contraception cannot terminate an existing pregnancy; it only prevents pregnancy before it occurs.

Important Considerations

Emergency contraception should not be used as a regular method of birth control. It is designed for occasional, urgent situations and is less effective than consistent, planned contraceptive methods. Repeated reliance on emergency options can also disrupt menstrual patterns.

Following an incident of unprotected sex, it is advisable to use the opportunity to discuss long-term contraception options with a healthcare provider. Regular contraceptive methods, such as birth control pills, implants, injectables, or long-acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs, offer more reliable protection and peace of mind.

Consulting a Healthcare Professional

Every individual’s situation is unique, and seeking medical advice is strongly recommended. A gynecologist can provide personalized guidance, recommend the most suitable emergency contraception method, and offer support in choosing an ongoing birth control strategy that aligns with an individual’s health and lifestyle. Timely consultation and informed decision-making are key to taking control of reproductive health and preventing unintended pregnancies.